Texas Public Information Act · Chapter 552

Your Right to Know

Generate a legally formatted public records request in seconds. Identify the right agency, get the correct address, and track your 10-business-day deadline automatically.

Agencies covered
10 Business days to respond
Free No cost to request
Describe Your Request

Be specific — document types, date ranges, department names, and named individuals improve accuracy.

Not sure? Pick the most likely agency — the letter will ask them to forward it if needed.

Deadline Tracker
Request sent
Agency must respond by
Business days remaining

The agency must respond or request an extension within 10 business days (Tex. Gov't Code § 552.228). Weekends and official Texas holidays are excluded.

Generated Request Letter
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Fill in the form and click "Generate Request" to create your TPIA letter.

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What is TPIA?

The Texas Public Information Act (TPIA), found in Chapter 552 of the Texas Government Code, gives every person — including non-citizens and non-residents — the right to access records created or maintained by Texas governmental bodies.

This includes cities, counties, school districts, state agencies, river authorities, hospital districts, and more. If a government body created or paid for the records, or if a private contractor holds records in connection with a government contract, those records are presumed to be public.

Key principle: The default is disclosure. The burden is on the government to prove why a record should be withheld — not on you to prove why you deserve it.


Your Rights Under TPIA

  • Right to request any format — You can ask for records as electronic files, paper copies, or to inspect them in person at no charge.
  • Right to a response within 10 business days — The agency must either provide the records, deny the request with explanation, or notify you that more time is needed (§ 552.228).
  • Right to a fee estimate — If charges will exceed $40, the agency must notify you with a written estimate before proceeding (1 Tex. Admin. Code § 70.3).
  • Right to appeal to the Attorney General — If an agency claims an exception, they must request a ruling from the Texas AG within 10 business days (§ 552.301).
  • Right to seek mandamus — If an agency refuses to release records after an AG ruling ordering release, you can file a lawsuit to compel compliance.
  • Right to recover attorney's fees — If you win a lawsuit to enforce TPIA, the court may award your attorney's fees and costs (§ 552.323).

How to File a Request

Step 1: Identify the right agency

Your request goes to the governmental body that created or maintains the records. If you're unsure, send the request to the most likely agency and ask them to forward it.

Step 2: Write your request

There is no required form. Your request must be in writing (email is acceptable) and clearly describe the records you seek. You do NOT need to:

  • Explain why you want the records
  • Prove you're a Texas resident
  • Identify yourself (though it helps with follow-up)

Step 3: Submit to the Public Information Officer

Send the request to the agency's public information officer (PIO). Most agencies list this contact on their website. The 10-business-day clock starts when the PIO receives the request.

Step 4: Track your deadline

Count 10 business days from submission. Exclude weekends and official Texas state holidays. If you don't hear back, send a written follow-up referencing the original request date.

Warning: Submit requests to the PIO — not the mayor, superintendent, or a department head. Only the PIO's receipt starts the clock. An email to the wrong person may delay your request.


Key Law Sections

§ 552.021 — Availability of Public Information

Public information is available to any person. The government must produce it promptly.

§ 552.228 — Prompt Production Required

The governmental body shall promptly produce public information. If unable to produce within 10 business days, they must certify a date by which they will.

§ 552.301 — Request for Attorney General Decision

If a governmental body believes information is excepted from disclosure, it must ask the AG for a ruling within 10 business days of receiving the request.

§ 552.321 — Suit for Writ of Mandamus

You can file suit if an agency refuses to supply information not excepted from disclosure, or doesn't seek an AG ruling in time.

§ 552.352 — Offense for Destruction or Alteration

It is a criminal offense to destroy, alter, or conceal public information after receiving a request. This is a Class A misdemeanor.

Full text: statutes.capitol.texas.gov AG Open Records Handbook: texasattorneygeneral.gov/open-government/governmental-bodies/open-records-handbook

Common Exceptions Explained

These are legitimate reasons agencies may withhold records. They must cite the specific statute and, in most cases, seek an AG ruling.

§ 552.101 — Information Confidential by Law

Information made confidential by state or federal law — such as medical records, juvenile court records, and Social Security numbers.

§ 552.108 — Pending Law Enforcement Investigations

Records of an ongoing investigation or prosecution may be withheld. Once the case is closed, most records become available.

§ 552.110 — Trade Secrets and Commercial Information

Applies to third-party trade secrets submitted to an agency. The third party must affirmatively assert this exception.

§ 552.111 — Agency Work Product (Deliberative Process)

Internal memoranda reflecting opinions, not facts. Does not apply to factual information, final decisions, or completed actions.

§ 552.117 — Personal Information of Law Enforcement Personnel

Home addresses, phone numbers, and family information of peace officers and certain officials may be withheld to protect safety.

Remember: Exceptions must be invoked promptly. If an agency fails to request an AG ruling within 10 business days, they waive their right to withhold — even if a valid exception would otherwise apply.


What To Do When Denied

1. Get the denial in writing

An agency denying your request must notify you in writing and cite the specific legal exception they are claiming. Verbal denials don't start any clock.

2. Check the AG ruling request

The agency should send you a copy of any AG ruling request they file. If they don't, request it — it's a public record.

3. Submit comments to the AG

You have the right to submit comments explaining why the information should be released. Send them to: Open Records Division, Office of the Texas Attorney General, P.O. Box 12548, Austin, TX 78711-2548.

4. If the AG rules for release

The agency has a reasonable time (usually 10 days) to comply. If they don't, file a mandamus action in district court in the county where the agency is located.

5. File a complaint

You can file an Open Records complaint with the Texas AG's office at texasattorneygeneral.gov. The AG can investigate agencies that repeatedly fail to comply.


The AG Opinion Process

When an agency believes it can withhold records, they must send a letter to the Texas AG's Open Records Division within 10 business days. Here's what happens:

  1. Agency sends the AG: the original request, a copy of the withheld records, and a brief explaining the claimed exception.
  2. The AG notifies the requestor that a ruling has been requested.
  3. The requestor may submit written arguments for why the records should be released (within 10 business days of notice).
  4. The AG issues a ruling — typically within 45 business days — directing the agency to release or withhold.
  5. The ruling is binding on the agency and is itself a public record.

Tip: AG rulings become precedent. If the same agency receives a similar future request, they must follow the earlier ruling.


Pro Tips for Getting Records

  • Be specific but not narrow. Name the document type, date range, and involved parties when you know them.
  • Ask for electronic formats. Agencies must provide information in the electronic format you specify if it's available. Request Excel instead of PDF for data.
  • Request a fee waiver. If you're a member of the media, a nonprofit, or a public interest researcher, explicitly request a fee waiver in your letter citing § 552.267.
  • Use email. Email creates a timestamped paper trail. Send requests to the official PIO email address.
  • Follow up on day 9. A polite email one business day before the deadline often accelerates response.
  • File with multiple agencies. If records might be at city hall, the county, AND a state agency, file with all three simultaneously.
  • Keep everything. Save confirmation emails and all correspondence. You'll need dates if you pursue mandamus action.